Takeaway
- Diabetes, prediabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were all associated with increased risks of progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia.
Why this matters
- Meta-analysis identified a number of potential risk factors in patients with diabetes and MetS that could be targeted to reduce the risks of progression of MCI to dementia.
Study design
- 12 studies involving 6865 participants met eligibility criteria after a search on Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, and Web of Science.
- Funding: None disclosed.
Key results
- The overall unadjusted pooled OR for the progression of MCI to dementia in:
- people with diabetes, prediabetes or MetS was 1.67 (95% CI, 1.27-2.19),
- people with diabetes was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.20-1.97) and
- people with MetS was 2.95 (95% CI, 1.23-7.05).
- Longer duration of diabetes (aHRs increased from 1.04 after 2 years to 1.42 after > 5 years), and diabetic retinopathy were associated with increased risk of progression.
- Statin use lowered the risk of progression (aHR, 0.86;95% CI, 0.84-0.90).
- Oral hypoglycaemic agents were associated with reduced risk of developing dementia (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.96).
- Incident rate of progression to dementia with ≥3 cardiovascular risks factors was 67.6 (95% CI, 35.17-129.93).
Limitations
- Lack of studies looking at risk factors for progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Only 4 studies provided details of the type of dementia diagnosed.
References
References