Takeaway
- Almost 70% of school-aged children (>5-16 years old) with nocturnal enuresis (NE) have obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
- The link is especially common with obesity.
Why this matters
- School-aged children with NE should undergo polysomnography.
- OSA treatment has the potential to reduce NE.
Study design
- 54 children with NE agreed to undergo full-night polysomnography.
- OSA was defined by obstructive apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥2 episodes per hour.
- Obesity was defined as BMI ≥95th percentile.
- Funding: None disclosed.
Key results
- 68.5% of the cohort (n=37 of 54) had OSA with:
- Median obstructive AHI: 6.1 (95% CI, 3.7-13.2) vs 1.3 (95% CI, 0.68-1.6) episodes/hour in children with non-OSA (P<.0001).
- Median oxygen saturation of 97.1% vs 97% (P=.844).
- Oxygen saturation nadir of 88% vs 90.5% (P=.03).
- 33% of the cohort (18/54) had obesity with higher AHI: 7.0 (95% CI, 3.7-12.4) vs 2.4 (95% CI, 1.3-6.1) episodes/hour in patients without obesity (P=.023).
- Sleep clinical record score was significantly correlated with AHI (r2=0.462; P=.001) with 91% sensitivity of detecting OSA ≥5 episodes/hour.
- OSA was also associated (ORs) with:
- Nasal obstruction: 4.0 (P=.034).
- Facial phenotype: 2.0 (P=.056).
- Arched palate: 2.4 (P=.013).
- OSA was not associated with tonsillar hypertrophy or oral breathing.
Limitations
- Small sample size.
- Observational design.
- Only 1 questionnaire to assess sleep breathing difficulties.
References
References