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As a leading expert in the field of metastatic melanoma, Lars Bastholt runs through the recent developments that have transformed treatment of this disease and vastly improved average prognosis. He covers the major trials of drugs targeting the activated MAPK pathway and those blocking CTLA4 and PD1. There is information on which toxicities to look out for with particular regimens, as well as useful guidance on selecting the most appropriate treatment according to patient factors such as disease aggressiveness and molecular biomarkers. Finally, Professor Bastholt looks to trials in progress and how treatment may change in the near future.

In this expert presentation, Professor Mike Youle, Royal Free Hospital, London discusses how antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people with HIV has changed over the years. He considers the issues that he takes into account to ensure the long term health of patients.

Multidrug resistant bacteria are developing so fast that the burden of deaths due to these bacteria could be 10 million lives/year by 2050 - with an estimated cost of 1,000 trillion USD! In this short presentation, Dr. Naas highlights this crucial problem by explaining the mechanisms behind Gram-negative bacteria resistance as well as the epidemiology of extended spectrum ß-lactamase and carbapenem-resistance. He also presents possible solutions that can be used in this time-sensitive fight.

Dr Vicky Tittle, from 56 Dean Street in London, UK, reviews the reasons to test for HIV, when and how to test and which key populations should receive testing. Specific focus is placed on British guidelines for HIV testing and importance to conduct key initial investigations.

Professor David Livermore highlights increasing resistance and the major bacterial challenges we face. Beta-lactams, the most widely used antibiotic are losing their efficacy. However, there is hope for antimicorbial agents. Cefiderocol, murepavadin and gepotidacin/zoliflodacin all show promise in replacing spent antibiotics. Further, non-antibiotic approaches and improved molecular diagnostics, while not currently comprehensive, could revolutionise the field.

Dr Marta Boffito reviews options for managing co-morbities in women living with HIV. In particular, she discusses the importance of screening and the challenges of drug-drug for women taking anti-HIV medication.

Professor Laura Bowater sets the scene with the global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). She discusses the causes of AMR, and how antibiotic stewardship can prevent it's spread. Responsible usership, auditing and a strong clinical leadership are all key components of antibiotic stewardship.

Dr Matt O'Shea and Dr Ed Bevan discuss the basic mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and the predicted clinical cost in the UK. They elaborate on the epidemology of a number of known and prevelant resistant bacterium in the UK and explain how antimicrobial stewardship, screening and surveillance are helping to prevent the spread of such bacteria. Finally, they discuss a real patient case.